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Foundation sends posses of Hub students to college

Written By Unknown on Minggu, 04 Januari 2015 | 23.40

For 60 Boston students, the road to college just got a little easier.

Chosen by the Posse Foundation, these urban public school students are set to receive a full four-year scholarship, as well as a support system freshmen rarely get.

"I almost literally cried — like shed a tear," said Delano McFarlane, one of this year's scholars from New Mission High School in Hyde Park. "I never expected this."

Founded in New York City in 1989 after a student said, "I never would have dropped out of college if I had my posse with me," the organization sends groups of 10 students, who might be overlooked during the traditional application process, to partner schools across the country. This year's Boston scholars will go to Bucknell University, Centre College, Denison University, Bryn Mawr College, Union College and Hamilton College.

"I hope to meet other people that could be like me," said McFarlane, who heads to Union College this fall. "I have friends here who definitely helped me get through four years of high school and having this group of people around me at college will remind me of home and remind me of where I came from."

Majoring in sociology, McFarlane hopes to go into law enforcement after gradation and become a homicide detective.

"The idea that you can send a team or a group together to college — it just made sense," said Debbie Bial, founder of the Posse Foundation. "It means they are less likely to turn around and come home."

After taking nominations from public schools throughout Boston, potential scholars go through a vigorous group and individual interview process where they're asked to do things like build a robot out of Legos, or lead a discussion on genetic testing.

"Historically, schools have a very traditional way of identifying how they're going to admit students," said Bial. "But there is an incredibly talented pool of young people who wouldn't show up on their radar screen because they didn't go to a high school ranked high enough or didn't get the right test scores."

With more than 6,000 scholars placed, and a 90 percent graduation rate, Posse hopes to highlight these students.

"The big vision is to develop a national leadership network in the U.S. that represents the diversity of the country," said Bial, who's connected Posse Scholars to internships and post-college jobs at well-known companies such as Viacom, Goldman Sachs and Disney.

Celebrating its 15th year in the Hub, Bial says Boston was the first city where Posse replicated its program. It has since grown to 10 cities across the country. "Menino and Deval were big supporters," she said of the late Mayor Thomas M. Menino and Gov. Deval Patrick. "They believed in the power of these young people and their love and support really helped us grow in Boston."

Over the next eight months, the Posse members will participate in two-hour weekly training sessions with their peers, focusing on skills to help them succeed in college and beyond. On Jan. 8, the Boston scholars get official recognition in a ceremony at 7 p.m. at the Fairmont Copley Plaza.


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Mercury Records co-founder Steinberg dies at 94

BRATTLEBORO, Vt. — A co-founder of Mercury Records and an innovator in the digital music industry has died. Irwin Steinberg was 94.

Publicist Scott Gorenstein says Steinberg died Dec. 29 at his home in Brattleboro, Vermont.

A Chicago native, Steinberg graduated from the University of Chicago and served in the Air Corps before beginning his career in the music business.

After starting up Mercury Records and serving at its helm for several years, he became chairman and CEO of Polygram Records, where he remained for more than 30 years.

He later taught courses on the music business at Columbia College of the Arts in Chicago and was a consultant to numerous digital music enterprises, including MusicMaker.

He is survived by his wife, Dominique Moyse, three children, four grandchildren and two sisters.


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ESPN no. 1 in cable ratings for 2014

ESPN was last year's top dog in cable ratings, sweeping the key demo categories while also winning in total viewers -- leap-frogging the likes of USA and Disney Channel, which traditionally battle for the top spot but slumped in 2014.

The sports network, whose telecast of the college football championship game last January was the year's most-watched cable telecast (25.75 million viewers), edged ahead of TBS in adults 18-49 and 25-54 and bested Adult Swim in the 18-34 demo, according to Nielsen estimates. ESPN was one of seven top-40 networks to deliver year-over-year primetime gains in adults 18-49.

Other top-40 nets on the rise vs. 2013 in the demo were VH1 (up 6%), ID (up 9%), FXX (up 73%), WE tv (up 13%), Hallmark (up 8%) and OWN (up 7%). The Oprah Winfrey network, with a full year of scripted hit "The Haves and the Have Nots," grew by double-digits for a third straight year -- the only top-40 network to do so.

WE tv, meanwhile, shot up 37% in total viewership -- more than any other top-40 network -- in president Marc Juris' first full year. "SWV Reunited," "Marriage Boot Camp Reality Stars," the continued popularity of "Braxton Family Values" and a big increase for "Kendra on Top" powered the gains.

Hallmark Channel, which was up across the board and ranked 21st in total viewers, had a strong finish to the year by airing more original holiday movies than ever before. The Nov. 29 title "Christmas Under Wraps" was one of the most popular telepics on any network for the year (6.44 million viewers).

Among networks outside of the top 40, notable gainers included Fox Sports 1 (up 28% in 18-49 and 38% in total viewers) in its first full year, CNBC (up 69% in the demo) and IFC, home to "The Spoils of Babylon" and "Portlandia" (up 20%).

Turner was well represented among the year's top cablers in 18-49, as TBS, Adult Swim and TNT (whose "The Last Ship" was the No. 2 new cable series) ranked among the top 10 in primetime. TBS was the No. 1 basic cable entertainment series in 18-49 for a third straight year, and Adult Swim hit a milestone by ranking No. 1 total-day among adults 18-34 for a 10th consecutive year.

USA joined A&E, Disney Channel and Tru TV (which underwent an extensive brand and programming refresh) as top-40 networks losing 20% or more of their audience vs. last year. Overall, 22 of the top 40 cable networks were down more than 5% in adults 18-49 from last year.

TOP PRIMETIME NETWORKS

Adults 18-49

ESPN 990,000 (up 3% vs. last year)
TBS 932,000 (down 14%)
USA 908,000 (down 14%)
FX 767,000 (down 7%)
TNT 740,000 (down 12%)
Ad Swim 680,000 (down 10%)
Discovery 657,000 (down 5%)
AMC 656,000 (d0wn 5%)
History 643,000 (down 19%)
ABC Family 613,000 (down 2%)
Bravo 554,000 (down 6%)
A&E 543,000 (down 34%)
Food 494,000 (down 1%)
MTV 489,000 (down 5%)
Lifetime 480,000 (down 10%)
Syfy 475,000 (down 7%)
Comedy 472,000 (down 10%)
TLC 458,000 (down 3%)
Spike 451,000 (down 1%)
VH1 442,000 (up 6%)

Total Viewers

ESPN 2.28 million (up 6%)
USA 2.18 million (down 20%)
TNT 2.04 million (down 4%)
Disney 1.94 million (down 22%)
TBS 1.87 million (down 10%)
History 1.86 million (down 14%)
Fox News 1.73 million (even)
FX 1.45 million (down 4%)
Discovery 1.41 million (up 1%)
AMC 1.36 million (down 5%)
HGTV 1.34 million (up 5%)
Adult Swim 1.34 million (down 11%)
Nick at Nite 1.31 million (down 2%)
A&E 1.27 million (down 30%)
ABC Family 1.26 million (down 2%)
Lifetime 1.13 million (down 12%)
Syfy 1.13 million (down 7%)
Food 1.09 million (down 5%)
TLC 1.08 million (even)
Bravo 0.99 million (down 3%)

TOP PRIMETIME SERIES
(Live plus-7)

Adults 18-49 rating
1. The Walking Dead (AMC), 10.0 rating
2. NFL Monday Night Football (ESPN), 4.9
3. Game of Thrones* (HBO), 4.8
4. Sons of Anarchy (FX), 4.1
5. American Horror Story (FX), 3.7
6. Talking Dead (AMC), 3.3
7. Duck Dynasty (A&E), 3.2
8. True Blood* (HBO), 2.7
9. Love & Hip-Hop Atlanta (VH1), 2.4
10. Real Housewives of Atlanta (Bravo), 2.2
11. Teen Mom II (MTV), 2.1
12. Gold Rush (Discovery), 2.0
12. Love & Hip-Hop (VH1), 2.0
14. The Vikings (History), 1.9
14. The Strain (FX), 1.9
14. Bates Motel (A&E), 1.9
17. Being Mary Jane (BET), 1.8
17. The Last Ship (TNT), 1.8
19. South Park (Comedy), 1.7
19. Love & Hip-Hop Hollywood (VH1), 1.7
19. The Game (BET), 1.7

Total Viewers (in millions)
1. The Walking Dead (AMC), 19.81
2. NFL Monday Night Football (ESPN), 13.23
3. Game of Thrones* (HBO), 8.98
4. Sons of Anarchy (FX), 7.77
5. Duck Dynasty (A&E), 7.73
6. Rizzoli & Isles (TNT), 7.62
7. NFL Thursday Night Football (NFLN), 7.56
8. American Horror Story (FX), 7.16
9. The Last Ship (TNT), 6.88
10. Major Crimes (TNT), 6.70
11. Talking Dead (AMC), 6.30
12. Longmire (A&E), 5.65
13. Gold Rush (Discovery), 5.17
14. Vikings (History), 5.03
15. True Blood* (HBO), 4.89
16. Murder in the First (TNT), 4.67
17. Falling Skies (TNT), 4.66
18. WWE Raw (USA), 4.63
19. Real Housewives of Atlanta (Bravo), 4.60
20. Love & Hip-Hop Atlanta (VH1), 4.47

*not supported by advertising

© 2015 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC


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NASA explores inflatable spacecraft technology

NORFOLK, Va. — Devising a way to one day land astronauts on Mars is a complex problem and NASA scientists think something as simple as a child's toy design may help solve the problem. Safely landing a large spacecraft on the Red planet is just one of many engineering challenges the agency faces as it eyes an ambitious goal of sending humans into deep space later this century.

At NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, engineers have been working to develop an inflatable heat shield that looks a lot like a super-sized version of a stacking ring of doughnuts that infants play with. The engineers believe a lightweight, inflatable heat shield could be deployed to slow the craft to enter a Martian atmosphere much thinner than Earth's.

Such an inflatable heat shield could help a spacecraft reach the high-altitude southern plains of Mars and other areas that would otherwise be inaccessible under existing technology. The experts note that rockets alone can't be used to land a large craft on Mars as can be done on the atmosphereless moon. Parachutes also won't work for a large spacecraft needed to send humans to Mars, they add.

Hence the inflatable rings. The rings would be filled with nitrogen and covered with a thermal blanket. Once deployed for landing, the rings would sit atop the spacecraft, somewhat resembling a giant mushroom.

"We try to not use propulsion if we don't have to," said Neil Cheatwood, the senior engineer at Langley for advanced entry, descent and landing systems. "We make use of that atmosphere as much as we can, because it means we don't have to carry all that fuel with us."

NASA's leaders acknowledge that getting humans safely to and from Mars as early as the 2030s will poses extreme challenges. The agency's scientists acknowledge they also must design new in-space propulsion systems, advanced spacesuits, long-term living habitats aboard spacecraft — even communication systems for deep space.

Work is proceeding, sometimes fitfully.

When an unmanned private rocket destined for the International Space Station exploded in October soon after liftoff from Wallops Island, Virginia, numerous scientific experiments went up in flames with it. But one NASA experiment that Orbital Sciences Corp. originally invited aboard — for a second-generation inflatable spacecraft — never made it for lack of time to get it together, NASA officials say.

That experiment calls for testing how second-generation inflatable spacecraft technology performs upon re-entry in Earth's atmosphere. The test is important because NASA officials believe an inflatable heat shield could be what helps them land astronauts on Mars and return larger loads of supplies from the International Space Station. The experiment is now scheduled to go up on the next Antares rocket in 2016.

New technology is needed to get astronauts to Mars because the type of spacecraft that would land humans would be much larger than anything that's landed on the planet previously. Current heat shield technology weighs too much to be on larger spacecraft, which means scientists can't land anything much larger than the rovers that have been sent there previously. NASA has relied on parachute-based deceleration on Mars since the Viking program in the 1970s.

Engineers at Langley have been working on the inflatable technology for about a decade, and believe it is close to being ready for operational use. "If I had the budget and we had the funding to do it, I think we could get as large a scale as needed for humans in five to ten years," Cheatwood said.

He said the same inflatable technology could also be used for spacecraft to explore other planets or objects with atmospheres, such as Venus, Titan and Jupiter.

Because the inflatables are made of lightweight material and filled with Nitrogen, more room is left aboard a spacecraft for science experiments and other things astronauts will need. The inflatable is covered by a thermal blanket of layers of heat-resistant materials.

"The idea is that you would have something that could be packed up, put in a very small volume and then deployed into a very large size," Anthony Calomino, principal investigator for materials and structures for hypersonic re-entry at Langley.

He said in a statement in April: "Think airbag, something we could pack into compressed volume that will fit the size limits of a launch shroud, but allow for a much larger aeroshell."

Smaller scale, inflatable experiments have been launched on rockets before, but never into orbit. That work was recently part of a NASA review in October. The information gathered from those earlier projects will be applied to the upcoming, larger-scale experiment in 2016.

It still won't be large enough to protect a spacecraft carrying astronauts, but NASA scientists believe the technology is sound.

"When you first tell people you're going to do an ... inflatable spacecraft, they have in their minds something really floppy like a jellyfish and it's really not that way," Cheatwood said. "They're very durable ... This is a technology that I think is ready to use, whether it's for humans in 20 years on Mars or whether it's a large robotic mission sooner than that."

__

Brock Vergakis can be reached at www.twitter.com/BrockVergakis


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'Godzilla,' Warner Bros. lead the year's top TV ad spend for movies

In this special year-end edition of the Variety Movie Commercial Tracker, powered by iSpot.tv, we are ranking the top 10 movies by advertising spend on TV for 2014.

All told, 66 film distributors aired more than 577,000 national TV ads, at the estimated cost of $3.38 billion. Warner Bros. accounted for approximately $727 million of that spend, airing close to 95,000 national ads, followed by Universal Studios, which spent $395 million on 59,000 airings, and Sony at $335 million to air just shy of 55,000.

And in the spirit of "bigger is better," it seems not at all surprising that "Godzilla" led the pack for the biggest advertising spend, with an estimated $61.8 million spent on 5,115 national airings.

A few items of note from the top 10 list:

Warner Bros. handily owned the top 10 list, with six of the entries all under the movie studio's umbrella, including the top four. No other movie studio had more than one title on the list, with Marvel, Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures, and Sony Pictures all making an appearance.

Digitally speaking, official trailers from Warner Bros. generated close to half a billion earned video views on YouTube and iSpot.tv, and more than 14.5 million digital actions across Twitter, Facebook and YouTube, all explicitly linked to commercial airings.

Only three of the movies on the list were among the 10 top-grossing movies of the year: "The LEGO Movie" (No. 4), "X-Men: Days of Future Past" (7), and "Godzilla" (10). Most of the remaining had respectable showings, however, with all but two in the top 50: "Neighbors" (19), "300: Rise of an Empire" (25), "Noah" (27), and "The Monuments Men" (38). "The Judge" trailed at No. 65, while "Winter's Tale" lagged further behind at 122.

Of all the movies advertised during the 2014 Super Bowl, only "Noah" made the top 10 list for the year, at No. 8. For a full list of all of the movies (and other ads) that aired during the big game, visit iSpot.tv's Super Bowl Ad Center.

$61.8MM - Godzilla

Studio: Warner Bros.

National Airings: 5,115

$55MM - Edge of Tomorrow

Studio: Warner Bros.

National Airings: 5,220

$47.9MM - 300: Rise of an Empire

Studio: Warner Bros.

National Airings: 4,058

$46.7MM - The LEGO Movie

Studio: Warner Bros.

National Airings: 6,597

$44.9MM - X-Men: Days of Future Past

Studio: Marvel

National Airings: 5,819

$42.8MM - Winter's Tale

Studio: Warner Bros.

National Airings: 4,368

$40.6MM - Neighbors

Studio: Universal Pictures

National Airings: 4,347

$38.8MM - Noah

Studio: Paramount Pictures

National Airings: 4,733

$38.2MM - The Monuments Men

Studio: Sony Pictures

National Airings: 3,073

$37.6MM - The Judge

Studio: Warner Bros.

National Airings: 4,598

Variety has partnered with iSpot.tv, a company that catalogs, tags and measures activity around TV commercials in real time, to bring you this weekly look at what studios are spending to market their movies on TV. Learn more about the iSpot.tv platform and methodology.

© 2015 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC


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Divers try to reach suspected AirAsia wreck site

PANGKALAN BUN, Indonesia — Divers were grappling with light rain and rolling waves Sunday as they tried to reach what is believed to be the fuselage of AirAsia Flight 8501, resting on the ocean floor near three other large objects.

So far, only 30 bodies have been recovered from last week's crash and officials believe many of the remaining 132 passengers and crew are strapped to their seats inside the plane, said National Search and Rescue deputy chief Tatang Zainudin.

"We are racing with time and weather in running this mission," he said, as early morning clear skies slowly became overcast.

The plane went down in the Java Sea on Dec. 28, halfway into a two-hour flight from Surabaya, Indonesia's second-largest city, to Singapore. Minutes before losing contact, the pilot told air traffic control that he was approaching threatening clouds, but was denied permission to climb to a higher altitude because of heavy air traffic.

What caused the disaster remains unclear, but Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency released a report, saying "Flight 8501 appears to have been trapped in bad weather that would have been difficult to avoid."

While the plane's black boxes — the flight data and cockpit voice recorders — have yet to be located, the discovery of the wreckage would greatly benefit the investigation.

Sonar equipment identified four giant chunks on the sea bed in the target search area on Friday and Saturday, but no images have been captured confirming they are part of the AirAsia plane.

The biggest object, measuring 18 meters (59 feet) long and 5.4 meters (18 feet) wide, appeared to be part of the jet's body, said Henry Bambang Soelistyo, chief of the National Search and Rescue Agency.

Other chunks of debris measured up to 12 meters (39 feet) long. Suspected plane parts also were seen scattered on beaches during an aerial survey.

Generally, aviation experts say the more passengers, luggage and parts of the aircraft that remain intact, the more likely the plane hit the water in one piece. That would signal problems like a mechanical error or a stall instead of a midair breakup due to an explosion or sudden depressurization.

___

Associated Press writers Niniek Karmini, Ali Kotarumalos, Margie Mason and Robin McDowell in Jakarta, Eileen Ng in Surabaya, Indonesia, and Scott Mayerowitz in New York contributed to this report.


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Federal tax filers must show health insurance status for first time

Tax season is here, and the federal Affordable Care Act mandating minimum health insurance coverage nationwide brings with it what's labeled as the biggest group of changes to the U.S. tax code in 20 years.

Massachusetts filers used to dealing with the state's mandated health-care coverage requirement on their state income taxes since the 2007 tax year now must address their insurance status on their federal income tax returns for the first time.

"What's most important is to be aware if your taxes are impacted," said Nancy Lebeau, master tax adviser and an enrolled agent for H&R Block in North Andover. "There are so many moving parts to the Affordable Care Act that H&R Block started preparing in 2010 and training all of its tax professionals."

The impacts on individuals' federal income tax returns depend on whether they have health insurance and when they obtained it, and if they purchased it through the state insurance marketplace known as the
Massachusetts Health Connector.

Individuals with private insurance, Medicare or Medicaid should see no impact and simply have to check a box on their federal tax returns.

Those who don't have insurance may be subject to a penalty on their federal income taxes just as they are on their state returns.

But there are more than 30 exemptions that could help, including exemptions if you're uninsured for less than three months of the year, for households whose income level is below the minimum filing amount or for non-U.S. citizens without valid immigration documentation.

The federal penalty — called a "shared responsibility payment" — is the higher of either a flat-fee $95 for each adult and $47.50 per child under 18 up to $285 per household or 1 percent of your annual household income, less the minimum filing amount. The penalties increase significantly for the 2015 and 2016 tax years.

Individuals who face both the federal penalty on their federal tax returns and a Massachusetts penalty on their state returns will see the latter reduced.

For individuals who purchased insurance through the health insurance marketplace, their tax liabilities/benefits also will depend on whether they qualified for an advance premium tax credit — government assistance to lower their monthly health insurance premiums — and if their estimated household income at the time held through for the year.

Those who did receive tax credits will receive a 1095-A tax form from the marketplace indicating the amount.

Filers may forget about the tax credits because they didn't directly receive them, as they were instead paid right to their insurance providers, according to Lebeau.

"In some cases, people may break even — they got the proper amount based on what they estimated (for household income)," Lebeau said. "Others may have estimated incorrectly or there could have been a job change or income change the rest of the year, and they may have gotten too much of a credit … and they may have to pay it back. It's taken from the tax refund."


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U.S. home growth slows for 11th consecutive month

WASHINGTON — U.S. home prices rose in October at a slightly slower pace, as real estate sales have fallen and affordability has increasingly become a challenge for potential buyers.

The Standard & Poor's/Case-Shiller 20-city home price index increased 
4.5 percent in October from 12 months prior.

The figures mark the eleventh straight month of price gains decelerating and the smallest gain since October 2012.

The slowdown in price growth comes after surging double-digit increases for much of 2013. Home values climbed as the market recovered from bottoming out in 2011 in the aftermath of the housing bust and the Great Recession. But home prices have outpaced lackluster wage growth, leaving many potential buyers unable to afford homes and causing both sales and price growth to stall this year.

The recent decline in mortgage rates has yet to bring more buyers into the market. Simultaneously, there are fewer distressed properties and bargains coming onto the market that attract investors as buyers.

All of that has occurred despite an improving U.S. economy that has generated 2.65 million new jobs so far this year, as the unemployment rate has dropped to 5.8 percent from 6.7 percent at the start of 2014.

Prices barely budged over the past 12 months in Cleveland (up 
0.9 percent), Chicago (1.9 percent), New York (2 percent), Phoenix 
(2.1 percent) and Washington, D.C. (2.2 percent).

Still, there are signs that broader improvements in the U.S. economy may be causing prices to rise faster in some cities.

Compared to September, eight cities reported stronger year-over-year prices growth in October.

This includes San Francisco (up 9.1 percent), Denver (7.2 percent) and Tampa (6.1 percent).

"We are seeing hints that prices could end 2014 on a strong note and accelerate into 2015," said David Blitzer, managing director and chairman of the index committee at S&P Dow Jones Indices.

The Case-Shiller index covers roughly half of U.S. homes. The index measures prices compared with those in January 2000 and creates a three-month moving average. The October figures are the latest available.

Other housing reports confirm a broader slowdown.

The National Association of Realtors estimate that 2014 sales will end up below 2013 levels.

The trade group forecasts that 4.94 million existing homes will be sold this year, down 3 percent from 5.09 million in 2013.

Analysts say sales of roughly 5.5 million existing homes are common in a healthy real estate market.

The Commerce Department said last week that new home sales slid 1.6 in November to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 438,000. That remains significantly below the annual rate of 700,000 seen during the 1990s.

The real estate brokerage Redfin reported Monday that its market tracker found that home sales plummeted 5 percent in November compared to 12 months earlier.

Nearly a third of the buyers surveyed by Redfin said that their biggest obstacle to purchasing a home was affordability.

Stan Humphries, chief economist at the real estate data firm Zillow, noted that slower price growth should ultimately be helpful for the economy. When prices rise at levels closer to wages, more people are usually able to buy a home.

"A slower-moving housing market is inherently more stable, more balanced between buyers and sellers and more sustainable over the long-term," Humphries said.

Buying could be helped by average 30-year mortgage rates staying closed to a 19-month low.

Rates nationwide averaged 3.83 percent last week, according to the mortgage company Freddie Mac.


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8 missing after cargo ship capsizes off Scotland

LONDON — British rescue teams searched Sunday for eight missing crew members from a cargo ship that capsized north of Scotland.

Searchers on two helicopters and four lifeboats were looking for survivors from the bulk carrier Cemfjord, which was carrying a load of cement from Aalborg, Denmark, to Runcorn on England's west coast. A passing ferry in the Pentland Firth off Scotland spotted the upturned hull of the Cyprus-flagged ship Saturday.

The hull sunk below the water Sunday and the 83-meter (272-feet) vessel was no longer visible, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency said Sunday.

Tony Redding, a spokesman for the German shipping company that operated the vessel, said there had been no distress signal from the ship, and that the last communication with the vessel was routine. The company said seven of the crew were Polish and one was a Filipino.

Another cargo ship — a car carrier — ran aground in the Solent between Southampton and the Isle of Wight Saturday. Officials said 25 crew members were rescued, but the ship remained grounded Sunday, listing at 45 degrees.


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Incoming Senate chairman: Gas tax increase on table

WASHINGTON — The incoming chairman of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee says raising the federal fuel taxes is among the options under consideration to replenish the dwindling Highway Trust Fund.

Sen. John Thune of South Dakota says all options must be looked at to fill an enormous shortfall when the existing highway legislation expires in May.

Gas and diesel taxes haven't risen since 1993, resulting in perennial shortfalls in the fund that pays for most road projects.

Several commissions have called for raising the taxes, but Congress has been reluctant. Instead lawmakers have dipped repeatedly into the general treasury to keep the trust fund solvent.

The federal gas tax is 18.4 cents per gallon and the diesel tax is 24.4 cents per gallon.

Thune spoke on "Fox News Sunday."


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